INFORMATION OF PROCESSING

                Is a cognitive theoretical framework that focus on how knowledge enters and is stored in and is retrieved from our memory. it is one of the most significant cognitive theories in the last5 century and it has strong implication on the teaching process.

INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY

               IPT describe how the learner receive information from the environment through the senses and what take place in between determines whether the information will continue to pass through the sensory register. Then the short term memory and long term memory.

TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE

General vs. Specific- this involves whether the knowledge is useful in many task or only in one.

Declarative-this refer to factual knowledge they relate the nature of how things are, they maybe in the form.

SENSORY REGISTER

Capacity- our mind receives a great amount of information but it is more than what our minds can hold or perceive.

Duration- the sensory register only holds the information for an extremely brief period in the order of 1 to 3 seconds.

THE ROLE OF ATTENTION

  -To bring information into consciousness, it is necessary that are give attention to it.

-Getting  through  this  attention filter is than who the learner is interested in the material.

-Before information is perceive, it is known as pedagogical information. This means that until that point the learner has not established a determination of the categorical membership of the information.

KINDS OF MEMORY

1. Sensory memory- this refers to the initial momentary storage of information lasting only for an instant.

·         Iconic memory - is the storage of visual information.

·         Echoic memory- disappear within 3 or 4 seconds.

2. Short term memory- STM maintains information for a limited time, until the learner has adequate resources to process the information or until the information forgotten.

·         Duration-around is seconds or less.

3. Long term memory - is the final permanent storing house of memory information, it holds the stored information until needed again.

·         Capacity- LTM has unlimited capacity.

·         Duration- duration in the LTM is indefinite.

IMPROVING MEMORY

1. Chunking- this is meaningful grouping of items together that can be remembered as a unit in a short term memory.

2. Mnemonic this is a formal technique for organizing materials in a way that makes it more remembered.

3. Rehearsal- this is the transfer of information from short to long term through repetition.

MEASURING MEMORY

·         Recall

·         Recognition

·         Re-learning

·         Rote memory

·         Flash bub

Executive Control Process- referred to as metacognitive skills.

Forgetting- is the inability to retrieve or access information when needed.

FORGETTING LIKELY OCCURS:

*Decay- information is not attended to, and eventually fades away.

*Interference- new or old information ''blocks'' access to the information in question.

*Pro-active Interference- this pertains to information learned earlier which interfers with the recall of newer materials.

*Retroactive Interference- refers to new information that interfere with the recall of information learned earlier.

*Emotional Blocking- this involves anxieties and tensions which can impair memory.

Methods For Increasing Retrieval Of Information

·         Rehearsal-is repeating information verbatim, either mentally or loud.

·         Meaningful Learning- is making connection between new information and prior knowledge.

·         Organization- is making connections among various pieces of information.

·         Elaboration- is adding additional ideas to new information based on what one already knows.

·         Visual Imagery- this means forming a ''picture'' of the information.

·         Generation- things we ''produce'' are easier to remember than things we ''hear''.

·         Context remembering the situation helps recover information.

·         Personalization- it is making the information relevant to the individual.

OTHER MEMORY METHODS

a.       Serial Position Effect (regency and primacy) - you will remember the beginning and the end of the list more readily.

b.      Part Learning- break up the ''list'' ot ''chunk'' information to increase memorization.

c.       Distributed Practice- break up learning sessions, rather than craming all the time.

d.      Mnemonic Aids- are memory techniques that learners may employ to help them retain and retrieve information more effectively.

 

Reflection:

                 In this lesson the focus is on how information process in mind, and informations retrieved from memory as we go older.